CAN PEOPLE READ YOUR MIND? ARE YOU REFERRED TO AS A "DOG" OR A "CAT"? ARE YOU UNABLE TO SPEAK OPENLY AND DIRECTLY ON THESE TOPICS? ------------------------------------------------------------ YOU MAY BE BEING UNDULY INFLUENCED BY FRIENDS, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN GENERAL. YOU MAY HAVE BEEN UNKNOWINLY COERCED INTO DRUG ABUSE. YOU MAY HAVE RECEIVED DEATH THREATS OR EVEN BEEN INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL VIOLENCE. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- YOU ARE BEING INFLUENCED USING MIND CONTROL TECHNIQUES! YOU ARE BEING OPPRESSED AND DENIED UNALIENABLE RIGHTS OF FREEDOM! YOU ARE BEING EMBEDDED WITH A SLAVE MENTALITY! ---------------------------------------------- YOU ARE NOT ALONE. RESISTANCE IS MORE THAN POSSIBLE, ITS HAPPENING. YOU CAN HELP STOP THE OPPRESSION. --------------------------------- Silvio Cesare FOR THE OPPRESSED, silvio@big.net.au COMMUNICATION IS THE BEGINNING OF ABOLITION. Po. Box 377 FORTITUDE VALLEY 4006 QLD AUSTRALIA in IRC channel #freedog, efnet network, nick 'silvio' oz.org network (Australia), nick 'silvio' * THIS COMPLETE FILE IS TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT MODIFACATION * * THIS COMPLETE FILE IS TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT MODIFACATION * * THIS COMPLETE FILE IS TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT MODIFACATION * THE "RUNTIME KERNEL KMEM PATCHING" ARTICLE IS AT THE END OF THIS DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION This article describes an oppressive society where the social structure is designated by the telepathic abilities of the individuals. The oppressed are coerced into a slave mentality through demoralisation and associated "brainwashing" and mind control techniques. The structure and the implementation of implanting the slave mentality into the oppressed is outlined in this article. The article then continues to describe how an upheaval of this oppression in the social structure may be achieved or started, by we the oppressed, via global awareness and uniting of our people. THE SLAVE/MASTER SOCIAL STRUCTURE The social structure of society in the current age is determined not only by pure wealth, assets, or where we live. A much more sinister and fundamental classing system is imposed. The structure I am describing is based on the telepathic abilities of the individual. The fundamental structure is a two class slave/master system, as has been the case for many societies for a time-span much greater than one would imagine possible considering the basic in-humanity imposed by force-ably dictating the life and future of another human being. The telepathic correlation into the structure is such that the master class can hear the thoughts or the read the minds of the slave class, to whom, can read or hear no-ones thoughts and minds. The actual telepathic abilities are not quite as course as this in society, with a group that can read the minds of the slave class, but can also remotely physically and subconsciously affect them. Almost certainly another group exists, or may be in-fact part of the previous group, where an individual can both hear and be heard by the master class. This also presents a situation where the individuals in the slave class are unaware of the existence of others and are unable to, with total certainty determine that another individual is in a similar predicament, much analogous to not being able to determine others having the ability to think - though it is common knowledge that we all do. IMPLEMENTING OPPRESSION AND THE SLAVE MENTALITY The group who has the ability to telepathically read the minds of a group could have used this extraordinary ability (or equally an extraordinary ability of the group who's mind can be read) and cooperated resulting in a net benefit for society in its entirety. However, as is true in many historical times, the group with a position where they can dominate another group, force-ably implements that dominance, and this exact thing has occurred in the slave/master telepathically determined social structure of current. PROPAGANDA AND MANIPULATION AS A TOOL FOR OPPRESSION It is a scientific fact, that "brainwashing" techniques and propaganda based information can be an effective tool in the implementation of a new ideology for a person. Much of this is based on relating to a person at an emotional level. For example, much of Nazi propaganda was based around the fact that the minority groups they opposed were to be considered as sub or non human. They did this through emotionally manipulating the people into a mental state of total repugnance for the oppressed. Likewise, in slave history, slaves were seen as being born a slave and were thought to be inherently destined to be subservient. Thus propaganda based distribution of information was used to promote that it was a genetic not environmental reason that a slave was a slave and a master was a master. This naturally was not supported or verified by open scientific discussion that would refute such blatantly biased and prejudiced claims. This however is a key point, that a slave/master structure is not a scientific based structure, it is an emotionally based structure. It may be intellectualized and rationalized to have economic correlations, however, this is as a result of the emotional thinking, not rational thinking. Intellectualization is often used to identify with a persons cognitive thoughts, however, such ideas are based on rationalizations. For example, "q: why is he a slave? a: because he was born a slave." "q: why was he born a slave? a: black people aren't like normal people" "q: why aren't they like normal people? a: look at them, their slaves." This gives also an example of "blame the victim syndrome", which was also a driving force for the Nazi's and general slavery, as this was a common emotional feeling held by the population. For oppression, the form of demoralisation follows similar lines to emotionally based ideology implanting. It is not based on scientific fact, but is based purely on psychological and physiological responses that the oppressed individuals intellect cannot always compete with. Thus, even being intellectually aware that you are being demoralized or "brainwashed", does not always enable you to resist indefinitely. However, simple highly effective techniques do exist, and are presented later in this article. DOMINANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT The environment in which the oppressed lives and dwells plays an essential role to coerce a slave mentality into the individual. The primary focus, is that the environment is totally dominated by the oppressors, and the oppressed are not able to control their own life. Thus their own life is a function of the oppressors. This is not of course true, but it is a natural psychological response to such an extraordinary and certainly unnatural situation. EXCESSIVE STRESS AS A TOOL FOR EMBEDDING A SLAVE MENTALITY The primary aim of the oppressor is to raise the stress of the oppressed to such an extent where the coping mechanisms can no longer function. It is at these times, when mental instability is at its greatest, and the ability to be influenced is equally at its greatest, thus it is times like this when new ideologies are implanted. This stress can be induced and increased until such a time occurs, and such a feat is not difficult in consideration that for all purposes, the entire social population is attempting to induce such a thing in a specific individual. THE "ENDS JUSTIFIES THE MEANS" PHILOSOPHY OF OPPRESSION It must be noted, that, the oppressors are believers of an "ends justifies the means" philosophy, and what a normal individual in a non oppressed population would consider inhumane to even consider, such acts are extremely common and to be expected. From people the individual has a close relation too, to people the individual does not know. The most repugnant things may be experienced, and it must be made immediately clear, that for the oppressors such actions appear justified just as the extermination of the Jews for the Nazi's or the oppression of black people for slavery was justified at the time. DENIAL OF OPEN DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION IN OPPRESSION A primary focus that deeply undermines the ability to remain free of the slave mentality, is the inability to communicate openly. The oppressors will not relate to the oppressed in any form where they are on equal terms, thus possibly relating to the oppressed as a living being and not simply an object. LANGUAGE GAMES AS A MEANS TO DESTROY RATIONAL THOUGHT In a similar respect to lack of open discussion, language games are used to effectively eliminate the ability for rational thought when these games are followed by the individual. In this respect, the effective language of the oppressed individual is replaced with a metaphoric and quite simply mostly nonsensical language that is used for communication between the oppressor and the oppressed. This has the startling ability that because the individual no longer has a satisfactory framework of language to use, rational thought, which is much derived from the ability to effectively communicate complex ideas, is not practically possible and also serves to derive new psychologically damaging associations. It should be stated that coloqially, the oppressed here, are known to as "dogs", though the term "cat" is given to an oppressed individual to use on occasion. Naturally, the most fundamental words in language in regard to their functional status in society are replaced metaphorically. Thus the individuals entire conceptualization of society may change by replacing specific keywords in the language used. CULTIC STRATEGIES OF IMPLEMENTING SUBSERVIENCE A premeditated cult like induction of the slave mentality is used early on in the ideology implanting and used sparsely following. In these circumstances, many of the persons fundamental beliefs are questioned, with a psychologically coercive attitude using such physiological factors such as lack of sleep, sexual drives, and drug induced conscious states. Likewise, the attempt to force an addiction onto an oppressed individual, and then to remove the source to satisfy the urges of the addiction, to induce a high increase in stress. Psychological factors involve such common raw emotions as fear, anger, frustration, happiness (to enforce that the oppressed is most happiest with the oppressors, or simply for positive re-enforcement of negative traits), and such stress inducers as changes in work, home or even family structure. Many first time events such as coming into awareness of telepathic abilities are under an altered state of consciousness (drug induced). These are times when the ability to be influenced is greatest. At these times, the oppressed individual is often bombarded with a flurry of personal attacks of such things as their sexuality, their race, their beliefs, and are often attacked verbally in such a manner, such that they may fear latter events of violence, wrongful imprisonment or even life threatening situations. Typically, the situation is such that the dominating majority of the influential social group involved is involved in such activity, however, as with this typical this mind control technique, and more classically known as "good cop, bad cop", the oppressed individual given a so called ally outside the immediate social group, however this person is far from an ally, and is indeed actually present to influence and guide the oppressed into the mental and physical states desired by the oppressors. This technique is a strong method used in many forms of demoralisation and "brainwashing" in the aim to elicit a bond between the oppressed and an oppressor or oppressors that can be used to influence and implant beliefs in the individual. This influential bond is a one of the primary tools used for embedding the slave mentality, and it must be again be made apparent, that an "ends justify the means" approach is taken by the oppressors using such structures as the family, sexual relationships, friendship and the individuals own role models, which often includes celebrities or positions of high status deemed in society. INDUCED EUPHORIA AS A TOOL FOR THE OPPRESSOR The oppressed individual often experiences a period of god like status indicated by the oppressors, seemingly having the ability to influence the masses, and do as one may wish being given full rights for any activity as they desire. It must be understood, that at no times, does the oppressed person ever truly have such freedom. They are heavily guided into activities, and a reward based system as simple as a smile or a frown can often dictate how the individual uses their so called apparent freedom. Likewise, it shows a contradictory position, that the oppressors will not openly discuss the situation even if repeatedly requested, even in this so called god like stature. This also plays a dual effect of demoralizing the oppressed in a later stage by believing they had abused their so called position of power. It is irrespective, of how they used their position at the time, the oppressors will never acknowledge anything other than actions that can be used to enforce the slave mentality onto the individual. This also serves to re-enforce the idea that the oppressors are actually being oppressed by the soon to be oppressed who are actually strongly coerced psychologically into playing a dominant role over the oppressors who role play as being submissive. However, the converse does not apply, if the oppressed strongly opposes submission of persons irrespective of the apparent desire of those persons to play that role, the oppressors do not change their role. This eventually leads to frustration in the part of the oppressed in their inability to help, which again serves the final purpose of the oppressors, into demoralisation and implanting of the slave mentality. It must be made a point though, that the argument that the oppressed would enslave the oppressors if given the chance or even coerced and such slavery would even be far more in-just, is fictitious fantasy used as propaganda by the oppressors, as this has certainly been not the case. Even if this were true, the oppressed are being coerced by the oppressors into such actions, and they have already no doubt accumulated a great deal of stress form the period of time before becoming aware of the telepathic nature of society. Thus this is propaganda in its purest form, deriving fictitious fact which is highly biased in favour of the oppressors, and only serves to re-enforce the oppressors and never to negate them. REMOTE PHYSICAL STIMULUS OF THE OPPRESSED As mentioned in previous sections, a group in society exists that has telepathic skills that can remotely subconsciously influence, and physically stimulate and influence. Torture or attempted degradation is achieved often through unconsentual sexual stimulation. Be sure, that this is no source of pleasure as it is indeed a tortuous ordeal occasionally involving personal injury in the form of pain for the days to follow from the stimulation involved. Unconsentual sexual acts, or rape, is indeed such an effective tool as it can be noted in direct physical rape in general society causing a high loss of degradation, often involving many psychological responses, of being powerless, shamed and fearful. This is indeed a prime instance of the "ends justify the means" ideology that the oppressors follow. This indeed re-enforces the the oppressed person is never totally safe or free, a large factor in the demoralisation and it is not uncommon such feelings to generate large emotions of frustration. REMOTE INFLUENCE OF THE OPPRESSED In a similar scenario, their is an existence of people who can influence subconsciously the oppressed. This form of influence, while indeed is certainly an advantage to oppression, does not dictate that the oppressed can be heavily influenced using these techniques. Rather, in common practice, such influence is used to induce the oppressed to think or think excessively on a particular topic, and then the physically based demoralisation techniques are used for the embedding of the slave mentality. Thus in itself, its influence is not extreme, and is supported by the facts, the a physical presence is often used in conjunction with such subconscious influence. However, it does serve the oppressors as useful tool for subserviating the oppressed, and its effects are naturally varied depending on the individual involved. CONDITIONING IN THE OPPRESSED The conditioning process is a almost fanatically used in oppression to indict the response the oppressors are trying to achieve. A punishment system is embedded using common life occurrences such as noise, remote stimulation and non verbal gestures. These stimuli while seemingly very crude are actually very effective, as noted by the classically known "dripping water-tap" torture. Likewise, such punishments while in their own form not always constituting punishment, can be conditioned into the individual at a time when they are of easy influence. More conditions detrimental to human spirit is also aimed for, such as learned helplessness. THE SLAVE MENTALITY The eventual aim of demoralisation and psychological "brainwashing" or conditioning is to elicit a functional person embedded with a slave mentality. Note that having a slave mentality does not necessarily require the oppressed to recognize such a mentality existing within themselves. It may be noted, that perhaps the most perfect slave, is a slave who believes not to be a slave, but working sometimes unknowingly for a master, for their own reasons. Demoralisation is also not always a prerequisite for embedding the slave mentality also, as it is only a tool used to embed such a mental state. Thus it is quite possible for a person to be recognized as being in the slave relationship without experiencing the conditions described. However, the final result is the same, and the quality of life is no better or worse for such a person. The individual is just that, and has their own unique levels of stress tolerance and ability to cope with such conditions. Much as it is analogous to pain, that a person may have a slight cut and be in great pain, and a person who has a fractured bone, feels nothing more than a slight sensation. The key point, is that no-matter what conditions the oppressed individual experienced, their struggle is no greater or easier than others who have been through less. However, it is certainly a case, that once the slave mentally has been embedded, the persons life even if considered reasonable by the individual is no better than the person who lives under extra-ordinarily terrible conditions and represses the situation. Thus it is essential to understand, that quality of life can be greatly raised by upheaval of oppression. Perhaps more importantly though for some, the moral and ethical structure in which we are members of society of is so abomidably warped, that it is a struggle not just for each person to carry through, but something we must struggle for our people and also, for all society in general. Thus the oppressed is embedded with slave mentality. It must be noted however, that demoralisation and torture is not an indefinite affair. The aim of the oppressors is to embed with the slave mentality, yet still be functional in society but at the same time live in fear of the oppressors to maintain their mind-set, with the occasional relapse of torture again for maintanence. This is to be used and abused by the oppressors who embedded the individuals involved. Many people are under the false belief that the oppressors have low expectations of the oppressed in their functionality, and this is where the problem occurs that helps embed the slave mentality. The oppressed believing them-self of low worth in society, strives in achievement which is ultimately guided by the oppressors, and in effect elicits a slaves behaviour for societal self worth. The culmination of those achievements and the rewards associated with them however are not directed at the oppressed, but in-fact, the oppressor, thus the slave mentality is complete without the oppressed realizing. A perfect slave indeed. This changes dramatically the role of the oppressed in resisting oppression. It is a falsehood to the oppressed that they are lower achievers than the oppressors. It is a truth, that the oppressors gain what the oppressed do achieve. This also serves as a basis on why the oppressors do not realize their errors in ideology through an oppressed individuals skills, dedication and achievement. This in fact describes the slave/master social structure. Naturally, the oppressed slave is given idle rewards, so as to keep the effective achievements at a consistent high standard. It is to be recognized that the slave/master relationship should not be abolished simply by non achievement in the oppressed, but rather through equality for achievement in all. GENETIC RATIONALIZATIONS The slave mentality for most people is so forcibly inscribed into people, that is is considered inbred into the person from their birth. This is fictitiously incorrect, but examples over history do serve as prime examples that this is so dominant in our society. In the course of modern history, it has been witnessed, which at the time was almost incomprehendable to the citizen, that persons of normal caliber and without any inborn deficiency or hidden desire, had been "brainwashed" to such an extent, where their entire ideology of groups they were at war with at the time had been completely reversed, and as they were reintroduced to society, they were opposing views they previously held, finding their previous actions before the point of ideology change utterly shameful. Even more amazing, is the fact, that they had invented completely new and fictitious beliefs that their own organizations had been secretly conspiring against their enemy of the time to do such actions that would make even most of the stern of people shake their head in disbelief. The average person at the time of these events was utterly shocked to hear such a thing was possible, yet it has been happening for thousands of years with the eliciting of a slave mentality in oppressed people. It is only when they themselves, see such actions as possible to their own, do they sometimes begin to identify that such responses are not always inbred. Even this however, does not generally happen. The persons involved in the ideology changes are often thought to be by the public as "not your normal people", thus eliminating the thought that they themselves are not totally infaliable. RESISTANCE TO DEMORALISATION AND "BRAINWASHING" All is not bleak however, other individual who were involved in such a regime of "brainwashing" resisted extremely well. The differing aspects, where these people were part of an organization that was aware of such possibilities, and had trained these persons as best they could (psychology is not an exact science) to be able to actively resist the strong influences of environment change and the alternation between torture and leniency, that is so fundamental to demoralisation and implanting or replacing of beliefs. LIMITED INTERACTION FOR RESISTANCE The primal focus of resistance was that of non involvement with the persons attempting to "brainwash" the individual. It is no time for exercising will power to debate the oppressors are at fault. They will never acknowledged such events and will never regret their actions in any reasonable time-line, as they have been heavily influenced themselves by a large peer and authority group that is always present, to deindividualize the oppressed into objects, so that they are able to be manipulated, deceived, and tortured without any ill harm to the oppressor in physical or mental states. In the specific oppressed environment that we are in, where our foreseeable lifetime is to be involved with the oppressors, this is not always possible in the absolute sense, as some form of interaction is required to function even minimilisticaly within society. However, the theory is sound and can be equally applied as many active resistors are almost certainly proving each day, in that there is no point in interacting on a level where you are speaking on the benefits of a free society and the down-falls of an oppressed one. Likewise, any inhumane events that occurs should not be dwelled onto such an extent, where you try to show the fallacy in the oppressors ideology. For even undeniable facts that the oppressors are at fault in, interacting at this extent is only reducing your effective resistance. It must be said, that it is very detrimental also, to use the language games that the oppressors have thrust upon the individual. Language is central to a persons thought process and effectively interrupting this process results in an easily influenced person. Likewise, even simply recognizing the problem, and, if not always achievable at the start, eliminating metaphoric language, will yield dramatic results in resistance. THE INDIVIDUALIST APPROACH AS A CONTRADICTION TO THE SLAVE MENTALITY The perfect slave has the undignified attitudes that their own personal wishes are that of their masters or oppressors. The opposite attitude is an ideal situation in which to resist to the influences of oppression as the two are quite incompatible. It has been seen through case studies of people who have undergone situations of an oppressive environment in an effect to elicit a slave mentality, that the people that survived and were most unharmed by their ordeal were those who were "well put together", in that they were not followers of a single unified lifestyle and belief, but were rather people who had their own interests and attitudes, and were not socially bound to a particular instance in which limited their ability to express themselves (conversely however, people who had been seriously onset with beliefs, which they firmly believed most probably from an early childhood, such as joheva witnesses were also most insusceptible to demoralisation). Living your own life is such a simple act, yet many people, not only those in a serious oppressed environment of persecution and slavery, ignore this, and as a result, are effected adversely, most visibly by high stress. REDUCTION OF STRESS TO RESIST BREAKDOWN OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The gist of "brainwashing" appears to be the induction of stress to an intolerable level such that the coping mechanisms of the individual can no longer deal with the situation. It is times like this, where the individual is at such a point where there previous beliefs have been, coloqially speaking, wiped clean or washed, and new beliefs or ideologies may be implanted. Thus the resistors aim is to keep stress at a minimum. This task while apparently simple in a non oppressed environment is not so in an oppressed one, but keeping this in-mind, it is possible to resist more effectively, as is the case of the previous arguments where non interacting into a one sided debate will inevitably lead to frustration, a prime breeding ground for on-setting the slave mentality. INFLUENCE IN THE EMOTIONALLY AROUSED It is also relevant, that strong emotional responses are also prime breeding grounds for on-setting the slave mentality, for example, the person who is greatly angered is more susceptible to have beliefs implanted over the person who is calm. Likewise as previously stated, the person who is greatly stressed and is also angered is much more susceptible than a person who was under no stress before entering an equal emotional state. DENIAL OF OPEN DISCUSSION A driving force into the oppression is the denial of information and alternative views that oppose the oppressors. People are often initially demoralized into believing they are not only the minority, but they are completely unique, isolated and alone. Naturally, the effects of isolation are important to a situation where a slave mentality is to be induced, however, it also serves as a position to disallow the ideas of other oppressed people to compare, construct and conceptualize problems and alternative ideologies. This is also further demonstrated by the lack of the oppressors to openly converse their beliefs in an open manner. In this manner, not only does an individual have an opportunity to debate on an equal level - which would obviously deflate the position of the oppressor, but it also breeds a problem of never being able to verbally voice opinions, thus solidify their basis into reality and as a strong conceptual idea. It would not be so far fetched, for an individual to believe they had simply imagined the basis of their situation, and to easily repress it, as it has never been openly stated. RATIONALIZATION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION The human instinct of curiosity and abstraction of an ideology that solidifies in a conceptual picture of reality, is a driving force in a being. The individual is often led on a fictitious path to quench the persons desire to explain the events of the situation. Religious theologies are often based on this fact, that it is human to ask and desire knowledge on such fundamental questions of origination, and such large events in our life. It was typical of ancient religions to incorporate such unexplained phenomena as fire, the sun and other such essential aspects of life. For the oppressed, this desire is not lessened in any way, and as the oppressors play such a large role in their new life being able to interact verbally with there own mental thoughts, and to remotely physically stimulate them, plus the obvious entire social dominance in sheer numbers. Thus, the individual often tries to tie in all these occurrences into as much of a coherent story as possible so as to solidify a conceptual picture of reality. If factual reality based theologies are not available, it is no wonder, that the supernatural often plays a role in the new ideologies of the oppressed. REALITY BASED RE-ENFORCEMENT As described, the supernatural, or religious based rationalizations and conceptualizations are often used by an individual in a "brainwashing" environment. A powerful technique to use to combat attacks on the oppressed picture of reality, is to re-enforce it. Typical things that are always known to occur that cannot be controlled is such things as the sun rising every morning, a pretaped movie or TV show remaining constant (note that the perception of the perceived communication may not be constant, as this is subjective), or even a tree not turning into a giraffe and running away (unless halucenagenetic drugs are used to induce such an image). Note, that such things as a persons manner or responses, the telephone system, the radio, the premeditated prerecorded TV show or communicate message can not be used for reality re-enforcement because they are externally controllable. Likewise, such things as your general person being pain free, not having a headache, not getting angry, should generally not be used for re-enforcement either. THE PHYSICAL MANNER UNDER THE SLAVE MENTALITY That is the internal result of such a social structure so heavily using such at times incomprehendable inhumane acts as a desire to onset the slave mentality. Externally, the results are thoroughly determined by the specific ideology that is being imposed by the oppressor, that is, the slave mentality which is visible in our physical environment. Thus it is not simply possible to resist totally passively by not submitting on a mental level as physical dominance is the desired result of the oppressors. For the amount of time involved, physical violence is little used to emit the desired responses from the individual. Thus, while it may be true that you appear to be mentally free, if your physically submitting, your not at all mentally free, and rather living in a repressed mind-set to unburdon yourself of the desire to remain free, yet also have a high quality of life. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION TO ABOLISH THE SLAVE MENTALITY The open discussion of oppression and the scenarios of each individual would greatly influence the course of oppression for our people. The distribution of information providing factual information of events would serve to aid resistance in many facets, just as the denial of information helps aid oppression and slave mentally in as many areas. Psychologically it is true, that often many times, the fear of the unknown is greater than the actual event. This is used by the oppressors to elicit submissive responses from the oppressed. By distribution of factual information of such events and their results, this fear can be alleviated. It is true, that if the majority of the oppressed today knew about the ordeal to follow once it had started, then the quality of life for those people would be greatly enriched, not only by reducing the inherent fear that the unknown is associated with, but by enabling them to more effectively resist the effects of demoralisation and even to the extent of resisting and possibly nullifying submissive actions to the oppressors. Thus distribution of information can effectively deny the onset of the slave mentality. However, it can go further than that. It is a known fact, that even in a non oppressed society, that the distribution of information and alternative information is a good thing. The laws representing freedom of speech are supposedly here to enhance society, and this is true in its pure form, however, freedom of speech can be considered a paradoxical statement for such a law to protect individuals from such denials of information, if it is being selectively ignored to factions of society. Freedom of speech allows not only the distribution of information, but increases the net effect of advancement by giving each individual the ability to work upon other's ideas and to also stir up a person to an extent where they are willing to act if the cause is just. It is factual, that the introduction of the ability to protest peacefully, has allowed people to rally help, and help form a mind-set where a person feels able to change the social structures in which they exist without resorting to actions in cases to equal the oppressors. Certainly, there is no guarantee that such protests and rallies do entrench the majority of people to their cause if just, but it does serve to make such ideas known to the majority of the public, which can be used to sway the social structures by forcing people to think about it, without using such rationalizations that an open discussion would immediately squash. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND THE ABOLISHMENT OF OPPRESSION This raises another point, in that while effective for the oppressed to resist strongly against the oppressors, it also enables the oppressors to reconsider their views, and although this is certainly not a case where such open and logically sound information immediately sways the masses to the righteous, it does start the gradual but inevitable change to that direction, which should be the eventual goal of any social system. That is, ultimately, the desired goal is to see that any individual never has the desire to be an oppressor and would equally feel as I, that it is the epitome in all that is vile in the uneducated and ignorant human being. This however, is not the primary goal of distribution of information for our people at such a stage. It does serve to paint a picture that one day, almost certainly not in the lifetime of a person in this age, when all persons will be treated equal and the slave ideology will have finally be thwarted to an extent where it is thwarted, not just selectively eliminated from groups of the day. CONCLUSION This document has given important information to the section of society that is oppressed in a slave/master relationship that is existent in the current population. This information, has been specifically aimed at this oppressed group, to rally public awareness and support in the abolition of the structural system of subservience. It is almost certainly known, that this document will do little to aid the changing of general public opinion in the oppressors, however, it does give an opportunity for those who endorse abolishment to offer silent support in the private distribution of this information, as they are in easily the best position for targeting the individuals this document was designed specifically for. This however, is admitadlly, not more than an idle hope for future generations. The implementation of the slave/master social structure as described, show that lack of awareness is one of the primary central driving forces to the oppression that is present in society. The points made to start the change or at least make publicly aware to the oppressed of this information, can thus be seen as effective tools in the quest of the ultimate goal in an abolition of oppression. Silvio Cesare FOR THE OPPRESSED, silvio@big.net.au COMMUNICATION IS THE BEGINNING OF ABOLITION. Po. Box 377 FORTITUDE VALLEY 4006 QLD AUSTRALIA in IRC channel #freedog, efnet network, nick 'silvio' oz.org network (Australia), nick 'silvio' ** RUNTIME KERNEL KMEM PATCHING - Silvio Cesare - November 1998 * NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE * * NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE * * NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE * INTRODUCTION This paper documents runtime (on the fly) kernel patching on a running system under Linux using direct access to kernel memory. The same algorithms may equally be applicable to other systems. Examples of kernel patching for use by an attacker is provided showing patching of kernel structures to remove a lkm's visibility to lsmod and even the addition of kernel code ala loadable kernel modules (lkm) to a running system without native lkm support in the kernel. Discussion of rebuilding the appropriate sections of the system symbol map (System.map) is provided and implemented. Linux kernel programming skills of a rudimentary level are required for the purposes of this paper. For the sections on object code linking use ELF, introductory knowledge of the ELF specs while is assumed has the appropriate parts used in this paper explained in further detail to those things directly applicable. It is strongly suggested that the interested reader look at the ELF specs. This is especially true if full understanding of the implementation is to be achieved. THE KERNEL SYMBOL LIST Linux provides a means to locate every symbol used in the kernel whether they are exported or not. This is available by System.map which is created at compile time by gathering the symbol information in the object files used to compile the kernel. # cat /System.map 00100000 T _stext 00100000 T stext 00100000 t startup_32 001000bc t isnew 00100118 t is486x 00100183 t n6x86 . . . Thus we can see we can identify the symbol by its name. The address we can use to directly look at kernel memory via /dev/kmem. Kernel symbols that are exported, that is, those symbols that are globally visible and maintained in the kernel and available to user-land via /proc/ksysm and get_kernel_syms (1) do not require the use of System.map for the reasons just stated. This however is only available when lkm support is compiled in the kernel. DIRECT KERNEL MEMORY ACCESS IN LINUX Direct access to memory in Linux is provided by two device files. /dev/mem is a file mapping of linear memory. /dev/kmem is a file mapping of all virtual memory available, that is, linear memory plus swap space. To use the device files as memory requires opening of the device and using it as normal. Random access requires seeking to the required position (memory address) in the file before reading or writing. BUILDING SYMBOL INFORMATION FROM KMEM System.map is not required to run Linux. Neither is /proc/ksyms when lkm's aren't supported natively in the kernel. However, symbol information is vital for patching the kernel using kmem. A variety of approaches are available however to rebuild symbol information from a running kernel using kmem. The simplest approach is to copy the first few bytes at a symbol's address and use this as a key to locate the symbol in kmem by string searching. This approach is ideal for locating symbols which represent code, ie functions. The machine code instructions used as the key however will possibly change between architectures and kernel versions. Thus a key lists for function symbols must be maintained for each arch and kernel version. Likewise, if the function uses compile time configurable code, this approach will fail unless we use a key for that specific configuration. In general however, this is highly successful, and a key list construction and searching may be easily automated to find a large number of symbols. This approach requires that symbol information be available on the machine where the key lists are being built. This information can use System.map or /proc/ksyms, the later being the preferred source as its common on many systems that System.map is not current as its often not copied in kernel compilations. The implementation of constructing the key lists is build-ksyms-keys.sh which uses a minimum of 15 bytes as the key length, but may increase if the symbol is not able to be identified uniquely with the current key length. A problem is present with this method however. Its common for a large number of functions to reference other symbols which are not known. A solution to this problem requires that we identify which part of the key is random so we can safely ignore it. To do this, we can build a key list initially which assumes the entire key is to be used, then we update the key list on a new kernel. By looking at what changed in between kernels, we can use this as what to ignore. Also, this gives us a reasonable guess at how useful a key is and if a key is not at all stable and should thus be discarded. Locating structures in memory may also be approached using a search key technique. For this we try to make known as much information in the structure as possible so we have a feasible key to work with. The key does not have to be a string however, ie, we can search for a structure knowing fields that are dispersed within it. A practical example that is implemented in the provided source code is locating a module's data structure. From /usr/include/linux/module.h struct module { struct module *next; struct module_ref *ref; /* the list of modules that refer to me */ struct symbol_table *symtab; const char *name; int size; /* size of module in pages */ void* addr; /* address of module */ int state; void (*cleanup)(void); /* cleanup routine */ }; The module's name 'name' is a pointer to a string. Thus to locate the module structure we can make two passes in memory. In the first pass we search for all matches to a string, that is the name of the module. We then use the address of these strings in our second pass as the value of 'name' in the module structure. To make the searching practical, we try to fill in as much information that is known into the partially complete module struct which is out search key. The size of the module 'size' is available in a module listing and we can use this to make our key more useful. # lsmod Module Pages Used by ppp 5 1 (autoclean) slhc 2 [ppp] 1 (autoclean) serial 8 1 ipx 4 0 rarp 1 0 smbfs 7 0 nfs 13 4 # The pages number indicates the size of the module in pages. Thus we can use this in our search for the module structure. The 'state' of the module may be assume to be MOD_RUNNING, that is, a module that is currently running (as opposed to one that needs deletion, or is being initialized). The 'ref' may be assumed NULL, that is, no modules refer to this one. Also 'cleanup' may be assumed not NULL. This information gives us a key that is practical and will uniquely identify module structures in memory most of the time (but not all the time). Another method of locating a symbol is that if it is a constant distance to a known symbol location, then the unknown symbol may be found as a function of the known symbol. From /usr/src/linux-2.0.35/kernel/sched.c . . . struct task_struct * task[NR_TASKS] = {&init_task, }; struct kernel_stat kstat = { 0 }; . . . 'task' is the symbol we are trying to locate. This symbol is not in /proc/ksyms, however 'kstat' is. Thus we can see the following. ADDR(task) == ADDR(kstat) - NR_TASKS*sizeof(struct task_struct *) It is possible however, that we have no information to use directly as a key to identify the structure, that is, the structure has from our position random or unknown data, nor can we use known symbols as reference points. If this happens, we may be able to locate the structure indirectly by finding code that references the structure we are looking for. From /usr/src/linux-2.0.35/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S . . . * Stack layout in 'ret_from_system_call': * ptrace needs to have all regs on the stack. * if the order here is changed, it needs to be * updated in fork.c:copy_process, signal.c:do_signal, * ptrace.c and ptrace.h * * 0(%esp) - %ebx * 4(%esp) - %ecx * 8(%esp) - %edx * C(%esp) - %esi * 10(%esp) - %edi * 14(%esp) - %ebp * 18(%esp) - %eax * 1C(%esp) - %ds * 20(%esp) - %es * 24(%esp) - %fs * 28(%esp) - %gs * 2C(%esp) - orig_eax * 30(%esp) - %eip * 34(%esp) - %cs * 38(%esp) - %eflags * 3C(%esp) - %oldesp * 40(%esp) - %oldss */ . . . ALIGN 1: call SYMBOL_NAME(syscall_trace) movl ORIG_EAX(%esp),%eax call *SYMBOL_NAME(sys_call_table)(,%eax,4) movl %eax,EAX(%esp) # save the return value #ifdef __SMP__ GET_PROCESSOR_OFFSET(%eax) movl SYMBOL_NAME(current_set)(,%eax),%eax It is seen that sys_call_table is referenced in the code. If we are able to locate this particular code, we can extract the address of the sys_call_table. It is preferable to use as many instructions as possible to increase the efficiency of the key. It is pointless searching with keys so small they identify many possible matches. By using the adjacent instructions to that which references the sys_call_table we give ourselves a good key to use. These instructions do not reference anything not known so they can be used. Likewise we don't use the __SMP__ dependent code. The final code we use then is as follows. movl ORIG_EAX(%esp),%eax call *SYMBOL_NAME(sys_call_table)(,%eax,4) movl %eax,EAX(%esp) # save the return value By compiling this code in a dummy program and using objdump to view the machine code we can extract our search key. The search key can be thought of as a partially incomplete string. The entry.S code does not change often and is seen in many kernels. Thus we do not have to use different keys for each kernel version. Naturally this is only applicable to this specific architecture, however the same principle may be used for others. PATCHING KERNEL STRUCTURES The kernel symbol information and direct access to kernel memory provides us with the ability to modify kernel structures. The mem devices provide us with direct memory access and the symbol information gives us addresses to use for location of kernel structures. The first example is a simple application of how to modify a kernel structure. kroot is the supplied program that changes the uid of a process to become superuser. This is not very practical in real life except when the permissions of the mem devices are insecure - which does happen and has even appeared as kernel bugs in the past. It does serve as a good example. The algorithm is as follows. * open /dev/kmem * seek to the 'task' symbol address. * read the task table into memory * locate the appropriate task we wish to modify * modify the task to reflect a superuser uid * seek to the specific task in the file * write the modified task To locate the 'task' symbol address we use the methods given above. A more practical example is also given. Patching a module kernel structure to remove the lkm from module listing's. From /usr/src/linux-2.0.35/kernel/module.c . . . /* * Called by the /proc file system to return a current list of modules. */ int get_module_list(char *buf) { . . . q = mp->name; if (*q == '\0' && mp->size == 0 && mp->ref == NULL) continue; /* don't list modules for kernel syms */ . . . It can be seen that a lkm is not listed of the name is empty, size is 0 and the ref is NULL. The implemtation of the lkm 'zapper' uses this information to patch the module struct's size and ref members and patches the name to be an empty string. The reverse can also be done provided the size and ref pointer is saved in the 'zapping' process. PATCHING THE KERNEL TO RUN INSERTED KERNEL CODE Linux provides a system call table represented by the symbol sys_call_table. The table is an array of fixed size and each element of the array is a pointer to the system call, number of which is the index in the array. If no system call is implemented for that syscall number, the element is a NULL pointer. Typically many tens of elements in the syscall table are NULL representing the syscall slot available for use. Provided we know the address of the new kernel code, we can patch the syscall table and fill an empty slot to point to our new code. To run the kernel code, we make a call to the new syscall from user-land using the int 0x80 mechanism that Linux employs and the new code is thus run. PATCHING THE KERNEL TO INSERT NEW CODE /dev/kmem gives us direct access to kernel memory, so to insert new code simply means we overwrite part of memory. Importantly to leave the kernel in a stable state we cannot overwrite internal kernel structures that are allocated or being used. Its possible to use the kmalloc pool in kernel space however we cant be certain if the memory is already being used by kmalloc. Likewise, even if we look at the allocation block headers to find free memory, the operations are not atomic so it leaves to possible racing with the kernel. The linear layout of kernel memory looks like this. [compile time kernel memory reserve] [kmalloc pool] The kmalloc pool limits are defined in the kernel by the symbols memory_start and memory_end. [compile time kernel memory reserve] memory_start [kmalloc pool] memory_end The kmalloc pool however is aligned to the next page border of memory_start, so in practice this is what happens. Key: [..] a complete page K kmalloc pool P padding R reserve (compile time kernel text/data etc) [RRRRRRRRRRRR] ... [RRRRRRRRRRRR] [RRRR memory_start PPPPPPPP] [KKKKKKKKKKKK] ... [KKKKKKKKKKKK] memory_end This padding can provide us with an ideal positing for new kernel code, as it is totally safe to use as the kernel is not allowed to use this memory. This is the ideal situation where we can use System.map or another technique to locate memory_start. It is preferable however if we can not to use a symbol who's address is not known at runtime without location. From /usr/src/linux-2.0.35/arch/i386/mm/init.c . . . /* * BAD_PAGE is the page that is used for page faults when linux * is out-of-memory. Older versions of linux just did a * do_exit(), but using this instead means there is less risk * for a process dying in kernel mode, possibly leaving a inode * unused etc.. * * BAD_PAGETABLE is the accompanying page-table: it is initialized * to point to BAD_PAGE entries. . . . From /usr/src/linux-2.0.35/arc/i386/kernel/head.S . . . .org 0x3000 ENTRY(empty_bad_page) .org 0x4000 ENTRY(empty_bad_page_table) .org 0x5000 ENTRY(empty_zero_page) . . . This all starts at 0x100000 for a compressed kernel image. Thus empty_bad_page is at 0x100300 and is 4096 bytes in size. Running out of memory is not a common occurrence and we can use the empty_bad_page for our own code without too many fears. PATCHING NEW CODE INTO THE LINUX KERNEL Patching new code into the kernel requires two things. It requires that the code be in kernel space memory and it requires a method of calling that code. The above text has provided has with methods to fulfil both these requirements. The algorithm is thus. * insert new code into memory employing the methods stated earlier * patch the sys_call_table so a syscall points to the new code * make a syscall to call our new code OBJECT CODE (LKM) INSERTING OF KERNEL CODE Inserting object code follows the same principles as inserting code directly, however as stated, kernel symbol references, require that the correct address be used by looking at the kernel symbol table. Binding symbol's to addresses is the process of linking, which so far we have been doing manually. For non trivial code manual linking isn't a viable solution, and linking must be added to the algorithms we are using. OBJECT CODE (LKM) LINKING TO KERNEL ELF is the typical standard used to represent object code on Linux. The paper will thus only refer to linking using ELF objects. An object code file is referred to as relocatable code when using ELF because that summarizes what it is. It is not fixed to any memory position. It is the responsibility of linking that makes an executable image out of a relocatable object and binds symbols to addresses. Linking of code is done by relocating the code to a fixed positing. For the most part, the object code does not need to be changed heavily. Consider the following C code. { char s[] = "I wonder where I'm located..."); printk(KERN_INFO "%s\n", s); } The string 's' being part of the relocatable text section in the object has no known absolute position in memory at compile time. Likewise, printk, is an externally defined symbol and its address is also not known at compile time. Relocation sections in the ELF object are used for describing what needs to be modified (relocated) in the object. In the above case, relocation entries would be made for printk's reference and the string's reference. The format for an ELF relocatable object (object code) is as follows. ELF header Program header table Section 1 Section n Section header table From /usr/include/elf.h /* The ELF file header. This appears at the start of every ELF file. */ #define EI_NIDENT (16) typedef struct { unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT]; /* Magic number and other info */ Elf32_Half e_type; /* Object file type */ Elf32_Half e_machine; /* Architecture */ Elf32_Word e_version; /* Object file version */ Elf32_Addr e_entry; /* Entry point virtual address */ Elf32_Off e_phoff; /* Program header table file offset */ Elf32_Off e_shoff; /* Section header table file offset */ Elf32_Word e_flags; /* Processor-specific flags */ Elf32_Half e_ehsize; /* ELF header size in bytes */ Elf32_Half e_phentsize; /* Program header table entry size */ Elf32_Half e_phnum; /* Program header table entry count */ Elf32_Half e_shentsize; /* Section header table entry size */ Elf32_Half e_shnum; /* Section header table entry count */ Elf32_Half e_shstrndx; /* Section header string table index */ } Elf32_Ehdr; /* Conglomeration of the identification bytes, for easy testing as a word. */ #define ELFMAG "\177ELF" #define SELFMAG 4 /* Legal values for e_machine (architecture). */ #define EM_386 3 /* Intel 80386 */ #define EM_486 6 /* Intel 80486 */ /* Legal values for e_version (version). */ #define EV_NONE 0 /* Invalid ELF version */ #define EV_CURRENT 1 /* Current version */ From the ELF specifications. "String Table String table sections hold null-terminated character sequences, commonly called strings. The object file uses these strings to represent symbol and section names. One references a string as an index into the string table section. The first byte, which is index zero, is defined to hold a null character. Likewise, a string tables last byte is defined to hold a null character, ensuring null termination for all strings. A string whose index is zero specifies either no name or a null name, depending on the context. An empty string table section is permitted; its section headers sh_size member would contain zero. Non-zero indexes are invalid for an empty string table." . . . Sections An object file's section header table lets one locate all the file's sections. The section header table is an array of Elf32_Shdr structures as described below. A section header table index is a subscript into this array. The ELF headers e_shoff member gives the byte offset from the beginning of the file to the section header table; e_shnum tells how many entries the section header table contains; e_shentsize gives the size in bytes of each entry." From /usr/include/elf.h /* Section header. */ typedef struct { Elf32_Word sh_name; /* Section name (string tbl index) */ Elf32_Word sh_type; /* Section type */ Elf32_Word sh_flags; /* Section flags */ Elf32_Addr sh_addr; /* Section virtual addr at execution */ Elf32_Off sh_offset; /* Section file offset */ Elf32_Word sh_size; /* Section size in bytes */ Elf32_Word sh_link; /* Link to another section */ Elf32_Word sh_info; /* Additional section information */ Elf32_Word sh_addralign; /* Section alignment */ Elf32_Word sh_entsize; /* Entry size if section holds table */ } Elf32_Shdr; From the ELF specifications. "Symbol Table An object file's symbol table holds information needed to locate and relocate a program's symbolic definitions and references. A symbol table index is a subscript into this array. Index 0 both designates the first entry in the table and serves as the undefined symbol index. The contents of the initial entry are specified later in this section." /* Symbol table entry. */ typedef struct { Elf32_Word st_name; /* Symbol name (string tbl index) */ Elf32_Addr st_value; /* Symbol value */ Elf32_Word st_size; /* Symbol size */ unsigned char st_info; /* Symbol type and binding */ unsigned char st_other; /* No defined meaning, 0 */ Elf32_Section st_shndx; /* Section index */ } Elf32_Sym; #define SHN_UNDEF 0 /* No section, undefined symbol. */ /* How to extract and insert information held in the st_info field. */ #define ELF32_ST_BIND(val) (((unsigned char) (val)) >> 4) #define ELF32_ST_TYPE(val) ((val) & 0xf) #define ELF32_ST_INFO(bind, type) (((bind) << 4) + ((type) & 0xf)) /* Legal values for ST_BIND subfield of st_info (symbol binding). */ #define STB_LOCAL 0 /* Local symbol */ #define STB_GLOBAL 1 /* Global symbol */ #define STB_WEAK 2 /* Weak symbol */ #define STB_NUM 3 /* Number of defined types. */ #define STB_LOPROC 13 /* Start of processor-specific */ #define STB_HIPROC 15 /* End of processor-specific */ From the ELF specifications. "A relocation section references two other sections: a symbol table and a section to modify. The section headers sh_info and sh_link members, described in ``Sections'' above, specify these relationships. Relocation entries for different object files have slightly different interpretations for the r_offset member. In relocatable files, r_offset holds a section offset. That is, the relocation section itself describes how to modify another section in the file; relocation offsets designate a storage unit within the second section." From /usr/include/elf.h /* Relocation table entry without addend (in section of type SHT_REL). */ typedef struct { Elf32_Addr r_offset; /* Address */ Elf32_Word r_info; /* Relocation type and symbol index */ } Elf32_Rel; /* How to extract and insert information held in the r_info field. */ #define ELF32_R_SYM(val) ((val) >> 8) #define ELF32_R_TYPE(val) ((val) & 0xff) #define ELF32_R_INFO(sym, type) (((sym) << 8) + ((type) & 0xff)) These selected paragraphs and sections from the ELF specifications and header files give us a good high level concept of how a relocatable ELF file can be linked to produce an image capable of being executed. The process of linking the lkm is as follows. * Identify the file as being in relocatable ELF format * Load each relevant section into memory * For each PROGBITS section set the section address in memory * For each REL (relocation) section, carry out the relocation * Assemble the executable image by copying the sections into their respective positions in memory An extra step must also be carried out if we know where the initialization and cleanup code of a lkm is. * Identify the file as being in relocatable ELF format * Load each relevant section into memory * For each PROGBITS section set the section address in memory * For each REL (relocation) section, carry out the relocation * Assemble the executable image by copying the sections into their respective positions in memory * Locate and print the address of 'init_module' and 'cleanup_module' The relocation step may be expanded into the following algorithm. * Evaluate the target section of the relocation entry * Evaluate the symbol table section of the relocation entry * Evaluate the location in the section that the relocation is to apply * Evaluate the address of the symbol that is used in the relocation * Apply the relocation The actual relocation is best presented by looking at the source. For more information on the relocation types refer to the ELF specifications. Note that we ignore the global offset table completely and any relocation types of its nature. switch (ELF32_R_TYPE(rel->r_info)) { case R_386_NONE: break; case R_386_PLT32: case R_386_PC32: *loc -= dot; /* *loc += addr - dot */ case R_386_32: *loc += addr; break; Evaluating the address of the symbol used in the relocation can also be expanded. If the symbol is local, that is STB_LOCAL, then the symbol is in the current objects symbol table - note also, that the symbol is only visible to the current object. If the symbol is STB_GLOBAL, then the symbol is external to the object and the symbol's address is known in this instance to be a kernel symbol, thus we can use System.map or the methods presented earlier in determining the symbol's address. In this instance, probably the best source for more detailed information on link editing is the source provided. BOOTSTRAP LOADING OF OBJECT CODE (LKM) In practice, real life lkm's will not fit into the kmalloc pool padding and likewise may be greater than a single page if we use the empty_bad_page. The solution to this is to bootstrap load the lkm by inserting a bootstrap loader into the padding which allocates memory using the normal kernel methods of kmalloc, copying the actual lkm to this allocated memory and executing this. The bootstrap loader can be made sufficiently small and our lkm's can be of any size. In practice, the only code we are actually required to insert into the kernel to enable bootstrapping is an allocation module that will return a memory address to an allocated block of memory that can fit the real module we want to load and run. THE PROVIDED IMPLEMENTATION The source included provides implementations for all the algorithms discussed. Front end shell scripts are provided to leave the internal details unknown to the user. CONCLUSION The algorithms and implementations discuss provide ample demonstration that it is possible to use direct access to memory to provide things which would appear only naively possible through native support in the kernel. 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