Cisco Security Advisory - CiscoWorks Common Services for Microsoft Windows contains a vulnerability that could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system with the privileges of a system administrator. Cisco has released free software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that mitigate this vulnerability.
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Hash: SHA256
Cisco Security Advisory: CiscoWorks Common Services Arbitrary Command Execution Vulnerability
Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20111019-cs
Revision 1.0
For Public Release 2011 October 19 16:00 UTC (GMT)
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
=======
CiscoWorks Common Services for Microsoft Windows contains a
vulnerability that could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to
execute arbitrary commands on the affected system with the privileges
of a system administrator.
Cisco has released free software updates that address this
vulnerability.
There are no workarounds that mitigate this vulnerability.
This advisory is posted at:
http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20111019-cs
Note:Effective October 18, 2011, Cisco moved the current list of
Cisco Security Advisories and Responses published by Cisco PSIRT. The
new location is:
http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/publicationListing
You can also navigate to this page from the Cisco
Products and Services menu of the Cisco Security Intelligence
Operations (SIO) Portal. Following this transition, new Cisco Security
Advisories and Responses will be published to the new location.
Although the URL has changed, the content of security documents and
the vulnerability policy are not impacted. Cisco will continue to
disclose security vulnerabilities in accordance with the published
Security Vulnerability Policy.
Affected Products
=================
Vulnerable Products
+------------------
This vulnerability affects all versions of CiscoWorks Common
Services-based products running on Microsoft Windows
Common Services version 4.1 and later are not affected by this
vulnerability.
The following CiscoWorks products with the default Common Services
installed are affected by this vulnerability, due to their underlying
Common Services version:
* CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| LAN Management Solution Versions | Common Services Versions |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| Prior to 3.2 on Microsoft Windows | Various |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2 on Microsoft Windows | 3.3 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2.1 on Microsoft Windows | 3.3.1 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 4.0 on Microsoft Windows | 4.0 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 4.0.1 on Microsoft Windows | 4.0.1 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution versions prior to 3.2
reached end of software maintenance. Customers should contact
their Cisco support team for assistance in upgrading to a
supported version of CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution.
* Cisco Security Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Security Manager Versions | Common Services |
| | Versions |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| Prior to 3.2 | Various |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 3.2, 3.2 SP1, 3.2 SP2 | 3.1 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 3.2.1, 3.2.1 SP1 | 3.1.1 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 3.2.2, 3.2.2 SP1, 3.2.2 SP2, 3.2.2 SP3, | 3.2 |
| 3.2.2 SP4 | |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 3.3, 3.3 SP1, 3.3 SP2 | 3.2 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 3.3.1, 3.3.1 SP1, 3.3.1 SP2, 3.3.1 SP3 | 3.2 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 4.0, 4.0 SP1 | 3.3 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 4.0.1, 4.0.1 SP1 | 3.3 |
|-----------------------------------------+---------------------|
| 4.1 | 3.3 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: Cisco Security Manager versions prior to 3.2 reached end of
software maintenance. Customers should contact their Cisco
support team for assistance in upgrading to a supported version
of Cisco Security Manager.
* Cisco Unified Operations Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Unified Operations | Common Services |
| Manager Versions | Versions |
|-------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| Prior 2.3 | Various |
|-------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| 2.3 | 3.2 |
|-------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| 8.0 | 4.0 |
|-------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| 8.5 | 4.0 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: Cisco Unified Operations Manager versions prior to 2.3
reached end of software maintenance. Customers should contact
their Cisco support team for assistance in upgrading to a
supported version of Cisco Unified Operations Manager.
* Cisco Unified Service Monitor
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Unified Operations Monitor | Common Services Versions |
| Versions | |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| Prior to 2.2 | Various |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 2.2 | 3.2 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 2.3 | 3.2 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 8.0 | 4.0 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 8.5 | 4.0 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: Cisco Unified Service Monitor versions prior to 2.2 reached
end of software maintenance. Customers should contact their Cisco
support team for assistance in upgrading to a supported version
of Cisco Unified Service Monitor.
* CiscoWorks Quality of Service Policy Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Quality of Service Policy | Common Services |
| Manager Versions | Versions |
|--------------------------------------------+------------------|
| Prior to 4.1 on Microsoft Windows | Various |
|--------------------------------------------+------------------|
| 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.1.6 | 3.2 |
| on Microsoft Windows | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: CiscoWorks Quality of Service (QoS) Policy Manager versions
prior to 4.1 reached end of software maintenance. Customers
should contact their Cisco support team for assistance in
upgrading to a supported version of CiscoWorks QoS Policy
Manager.
* CiscoWorks Voice Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Voice Manager Versions | Common Services Versions |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| Prior to 3.0 on Microsoft Windows | Various |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 3.0 on Microsoft Windows | 3.0.2 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 3.1 on Microsoft Windows | 3.0.2 |
|------------------------------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2 on Microsoft Windows | 3.3 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Note: CiscoWorks Voice Manager versions prior to 3.0 reached end
of software maintenance. Customers should contact their Cisco
support team for assistance in upgrading to a supported version
of CiscoWorks Voice Manager.
Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable
+--------------------------------
All versions of CiscoWorks Common Services-based products running on
Solaris are not affected by this vulnerability.
CiscoWorks Common Services versions 4.1 and later are not affected by
this vulnerability.
The following products are also confirmed not vulnerable:
* Cisco Prime LAN Management Solution versions 4.1 and later
* Cisco Security Manager versions 4.2 and later
* Cisco Unified Operations Manager 8.6 and later
* Cisco Unified Service Monitor 8.6 and later
* Any version of CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution running on
Solaris
* Any version of CiscoWorks QoS Policy Manager running on Solaris
* Any version of CiscoWorks Voice Manager running on Solaris
No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by this
vulnerability.
Details
=======
CiscoWorks Common Services is a set of management services that are
shared by network management applications in a CiscoWorks solution
set.
CiscoWorks Common Services provides the foundation for CiscoWorks
applications to share a common model for data storage, login, user
role definitions, access privileges, security protocols, and
navigation. It creates a standard user experience for all management
functions. It also provides the common framework for all basic system
level operations such as installation, data management (including
backup-restoration and importing-exporting), event and message
handling, job and process management, and software updates.
CiscoWorks Common Services for Microsoft Windows contains a
vulnerability that could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to
execute arbitrary commands on the affected system with the privileges
of a system administrator.
The vulnerability is due to improper input validation in the
CiscoWorks Home Page component. An attacker could exploit this
vulnerability by sending a specially crafted URL to the affected
system. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary
commands on the affected system with the privileges of a system
administrator.
This vulnerability affects CiscoWorks Common Services running only on
Microsoft Windows.
This vulnerability could be exploited over the default management
ports, TCP port 1741 or 443.
Note: The default management ports can be reconfigured on the server.
This vulnerability is documented in Cisco bug IDs CSCtq48990, for
Common Services and CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution, CSCtq63992,
for Cisco Security Manager, CSCtq64011, for Cisco Unified Service
Monitor, CSCtq64019, for Cisco Unified Operations Manager, CSCtr23090,
for CiscoWorksQoS Policy Manager, and CSCtt25535, for CiscoWorks
Voice Manager.
This vulnerability has been assigned Common Vulnerabilities and
Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2011-3310.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
=============================
Cisco has provided scores for the vulnerability in this advisory
based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS
scoring in this Security Advisory is done in accordance with CVSS
version 2.0.
CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability
severity and helps determine urgency and priority of response.
Cisco has provided a base and temporal score. Customers can then
compute environmental scores to assist in determining the impact of
the vulnerability in individual networks.
Cisco has provided an FAQ to answer additional questions regarding
CVSS at:
http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html
Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to help compute the
environmental impact for individual networks at:
http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss
* CSCtq48990 - CiscoWorks Arbitrary Command Execution Vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* CSCtq63992 - CSM Arbitrary command execution vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* CSCtq64019 - CUSM Arbitrary command execution vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* CSCtq64011 - CUOM Arbitrary command execution vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* CSCtr23090 - QPM Arbitrary command execution vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* CSCtt25535 - CWVM Arbitrary command execution vulnerability
CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete
CVSS Temporal Score - 7.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
Impact
======
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an
authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the
affected system with the privileges of a system administrator.
Software Versions and Fixes
===========================
Cisco has released free software updates that address this
vulnerability. Prior to deploying software updates, customers should
consult their maintenance provider or check the software for feature
set compatibility and known issues specific to their environment.
This vulnerability has been resolved in Common Services version 4.1.
The following tables report the remediation for each affected product
and version:
* CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| LMS | Remediation | Location |
| Version | | |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 3.2 | cwcs33-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282641053&flowid= |
| | | 5150 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 3.2.1 | cwcs331-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282641053&flowid= |
| | | 5150 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 4.0 | LMS40-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283434800&flowid= |
| | | 19062 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 4.0.1 | LMS401-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283434800&flowid= |
| | | 19062 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
* Cisco Security Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| CSM Version | Remediation | Location |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2. 3.2 SP1, 3.2 | Upgrade to | - |
| SP2 | 3.3.1 SP4 | |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2.1, 3.2.1 SP1 | Upgrade to | - |
| | 3.3.1 SP4 | |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| 3.2.2, 3.2.2 SP1, | Upgrade to | |
| 3.2.2 SP2, 3.2.2 | 3.3.1 SP4 | - |
| SP3, 3.2.2 SP4 | | |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| 3.3, 3.3 SP1, 3.3 | Upgrade to | - |
| SP2 | 3.3.1 SP4 | |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| | | http://www.cisco.com/ |
| 3.3.1, 3.3.1 SP1, | 3.3.1 SP4 | cisco/software/ |
| 3.3.1 SP2, 3.3.1 SP3 | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 280033778 |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| 4.0, 4.0 SP1 | Upgrade to | - |
| | 4.0.1 SP2 | |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| | | http://www.cisco.com/ |
| 4.0.1, 4.0.1 SP1 | 4.0.1 SP2 | cisco/software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 280033778 |
|----------------------+-------------+--------------------------|
| | | http://www.cisco.com/ |
| 4.1 | 4.1 SP1 | cisco/software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 280033778 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
* Cisco Unified Operations Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| CUOM | Remediation | Location |
| Version | | |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 2.2 | cwcs32-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282214601&flowid= |
| | | 5149 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 2.3 | cwcs32-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282214601&flowid= |
| | | 5149 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| | | /software/ |
| 8.0 | CUOM8.0-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | release.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283112898&flowid= |
| | | 20421&softwareid= |
| | | 282790483 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| | | /software/ |
| 8.5 | CUOM8.5-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | release.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283749793&flowid= |
| | | 24321&softwareid= |
| | | 282790483 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
* Cisco Unified Service Monitor
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| CUSM | Remediation | Location |
| Version | | |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 2.2 | cwcs32-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282214601&flowid= |
| | | 5149 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| 2.3 | cwcs32-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | /software/ |
| | | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282214601&flowid= |
| | | 5149 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| | | /software/ |
| 8.0 | CUSM8.0-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | release.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283315738&flowid= |
| | | 20461&softwareid= |
| | | 282773198 |
|---------+-------------------------------+---------------------|
| | | http:// |
| | | www.cisco.com/cisco |
| | | /software/ |
| 8.5 | CUSM8.5-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | release.html?mdfid= |
| | | 283749795&flowid= |
| | | 24323&softwareid= |
| | | 282801893 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
* CiscoWorks QoS Policy Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| QPM | Remediation | Location |
| Version | | |
|------------+------------------------------+-------------------|
| 4.1.1, | | http:// |
| 4.1.2, | | www.cisco.com/ |
| 4.1.3, | cwcs32-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | cisco/software/ |
| 4.1.4, | | type.html?mdfid= |
| 4.1.5, | | 282214601&flowid= |
| 4.1.6 | | 5149 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
* CiscoWorks Voice Manager
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| CWVM | Remediation | Location |
| Version | | |
|---------+------------------------------+----------------------|
| 3.0 and | Upgrade to 3.2 and apply the | - |
| 3.1 | patch | |
|---------+------------------------------+----------------------|
| | | http://www.cisco.com |
| | | /cisco/software/ |
| 3.2 | cwcs33-win-Oct2011-su1-0.zip | type.html?mdfid= |
| | | 282641053&flowid= |
| | | 5150 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
When considering software upgrades, also consult:
http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt
And any subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete
upgrade solution.
In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the
devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current
hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported
properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact
the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or your contracted
maintenance provider for assistance.
Workarounds
===========
There are no workarounds for this vulnerability.
Obtaining Fixed Software
========================
Cisco has released free software updates that address these
vulnerabilities. Prior to deploying software, customers should
consult their maintenance provider or check the software for feature
set compatibility and known issues specific to their environment.
Customers may only install and expect support for the feature sets
they have purchased. By installing, downloading, accessing or
otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to be bound
by the terms of Cisco's software license terms found at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/warranty/English/EU1KEN_.html
Or as otherwise set forth at Cisco.com Downloads at:
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-usingswc.shtml
Do not contact psirt@cisco.com or security-alert@cisco.com for
software upgrades
Customers with Service Contracts
+-------------------------------
Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through
their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that
upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco's
worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com.
Customers using Third Party Support Organizations
+------------------------------------------------
Customers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through
prior or existing agreements with third-party support organizations,
such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers
should contact that support organization for guidance and assistance
with the appropriate course of action in regards to this advisory.
The effectiveness of any workaround or fix is dependent on specific
customer situations, such as product mix, network topology, traffic
behavior, and organizational mission. Due to the variety of affected
products and releases, customers should consult with their service
provider or support organization to ensure any applied workaround or
fix is the most appropriate for use in the intended network before it
is deployed.
Customers without Service Contracts
+----------------------------------
Customers who purchase direct from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco
service contract, and customers who purchase through third-party
vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through
their point of sale should acquire upgrades by contacting the Cisco
Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows.
* +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America)
* +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world)
* e-mail: tac@cisco.com
Customers should have their product serial number available and be
prepared to give the URL of this notice as evidence of entitlement to
a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be
requested through the TAC.
Refer to:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/tsd_cisco_worldwide_contacts.html
For additional TAC contact information, including localized telephone
numbers, and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various
languages.
Exploitation and Public Announcements
=====================================
The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious
use of the vulnerability described in this advisory.
This vulnerability was reported to Cisco by Noam Rathaus from Beyond
Security.
Status of this Notice: Final
============================
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY
KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE
INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS
AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS
DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME.
A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this document that
omits the distribution URL in the following section is an
uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain
factual errors.
Distribution
============
This advisory is posted on Cisco's worldwide website at:
http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20111019-cs
In addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice
is clear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the
following e-mail and Usenet news recipients.
* cust-security-announce@cisco.com
* first-teams@first.org
* bugtraq@securityfocus.com
* vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org
* cisco@spot.colorado.edu
* cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net
* full-disclosure@lists.grok.org.uk
* comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com
Future updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco's
worldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on
mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are
encouraged to check the above URL for any updates.
Revision History
================
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Revision 1.0 | 2011-October-19 | Initial public release |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Cisco Security Procedures
=========================
Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco
products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and
registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available
on Cisco's worldwide website at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html
This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco
security notices. All Cisco security advisories are available at:
http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright 2010-2011 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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